Immunohistochemical detection of transforming growth factor beta 2 and insulin like growth factor 1 in labial tissues of treated and non treated diabetic rats

The purpose of this study was to detect transforming growth factor beta - 2 [TGF-beta2] and insulin like growth factor-1 [IGF-1] in the treated and non treated diabetic labial tissue in rat. Twenty four male's albino adult rats weighting between 150-200g each, were used throughout the experiment. They were housed under similar conditions. After determination of fasting blood glucose level for all animals, they were randomly divided into two main groups: Group I [control group] consisted of 8 rats, each animal received 0.2 ml citrate-buffered saline solution PH 4.5. Group II [diabetic group] this group consisted of 16 rats for induction of diabetes. The animals were given a single inter-peritoneal of streptozotocin dissolved in citrate-buffered saline solution PH 4.5 [0.2ml/rat] with equivalent dose of 50ml/kg body weight. This group was divided into two subgroups: Subgroup A, which consisted of 8 rats used as diabetic non treated group. Subgroup B, It consisted of 8 rats, each rat received gliclazide [diamicron] dissolved in distilled water [20 mg/kg p.o.] with gastric tube daily before feeding the animals. All rats in group 1, subgroup A and subgroup B were sacrificed at the same time after eight weeks by using a large dose of anesthesia. The specimens were taken from the lip of all rats, fixed, processed for paraffin section, cut and mounted on slides treated to enhance tissues adherence. Then the immuono-histochemical staining for TGF beta-2 and IGF-1 were processed to all specimens. The results of this study, In control group, TGF-beta 2 were detected in the basal cell.layer of epithelium and the lamina propri of the mucous membrane and skin and also were detected in the hair follicles, it were detected in the connective tissues but not the glandular epithelium of the labial minor salivary gland. In group II [sub group A], detection of TGF-beta 2 in the same sites as control group but with more reaction than it. In group II [sub group B], TGF-beta 2 detections were more than group 1 and group II [sub group A]. IGF-1 were detected in control group in the basal cell layer of epithelium and the lamina propri of the mucous membrane and skin but more than TGF-beta 2, it were also detected in the sebaceous gland itself but not in hair follicles, in the labial minor salivary gland neither detection of IGF-1 in glandular epithelium nor in the connective tissues. In group II [sub group A], the same results as control group in the mucous membrane and skin but with more reaction, in the labial minor salivary gland there were some detection in the glandular epithelium and connective tissues. In group II [sub group B], the same results as control group in the mucous membrane skin but with more reactions and as the labial minor salivary gland. Based on the previous results we can conclude that TGF-beta 2 and IGF-1 play an important role in regulation of proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in the skin and mucous membrane of the lip in normal, diabetic none treated and treated rats. TGF-beta 2 controls hair cycling and regulates myogenesis of muscles and the activity of labial minor salivary gland in the lip of normal, diabetic none treated and treated rats. IGF-1 control the sebaceous gland secretion in the lip of normal, diabetic none treated and treated rats. It regulates the activity of labial minor salivary gland in the lip of diabetic none treated rats

effect of d-glucosamine sulfate on temporomandibular joint antigen induced arthritis in albino rats [histological, histocheniic and digital image analysis]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of d-glucosamine sulfate on tem-poromandibular joint arthritis. The present study was carried out on ninety male albino rats of average weight [150 - 20gmO]. These rats were divided into control healthy, arthritic arthritic nontreated and treated groups. Thirty rats for control and sacrificed parallel with group II and, III, thirty rats for group II [arthritic nontreated] which subdivided into three equal subgroup A, B,C they were sacrificed after arthritis induction by thirty, sixty, ninety days respectively and thirty rats for group III [treated group] which subdivided into three equal subgroups D, E, F. they were sacrificed after thirty, sixty and ninety days of treatment of arthritis respectively. The specimens were taken, fixed, demineralized and processed for paraffin sections. The sections were studied histologically, his-tochemically, statistically and digital image analysis.The results of this study, histologically; in group II there were side adhesion between the articular cartilage and the disc, thinning and irregularities of some parts of articular cartilage and destruction of subchondoral bone. These criteria decreased in severity from subgroup A to C. but in group III all these criteria in group II regenerated gradually from subgroup D to F which appeared nearly normal at subgroup F. Histochemically; in group II the collagen fibers were decreased and disarranged with matrix defect and loss of toludine blue stain, intense reaction to acid phosphatase, mild reaction to alkaline phosphatase. In group III the collagen fibers and matrix regenerated gradually from D to F after the treatment, very weak reaction to acid phosphatase and intense reaction to alkaline phosphatase. Digital image analysis revealed that the net collagen matrix was increased in group III more than group II. statistical analysis, there was significant increase in cartilage thickness and collagen matrix in group III more than group II.Based on the previous results we conclude that, treatment of temporomandibular joint arthritis by d-glucosamine sulfate leads to decrease the degenerative changes of osteoarthiritis in the joint, increases collagen formation, enhances the matrix formation and reduce the osteoarthritic pain. This paper was extracted from a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for master degree in oral biology by rehab r elzehery [demonstrator in oral biology, faculty of dentistry, man-soura university]